Turkology Totally Explained

Everything about Turcology totally explained

Turkology (Turcology, Turkologie) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. This includes ethnic groups from the Sakha in East Siberia to the Balkan Türks and Gagauz in Moldova.

Related periodical publications

A selection of English-language periodicals studying Turkology
Journal of Turkic Languages (External Link

) Journal of Turkish Linguistics (External Link

) Journal of Turkology (External Link

) Journal of the American Oriental Society (External Link

) Journal of Asian Studies (External Link

) British Society for Middle Eastern Studies (External Link

) The Turkology Update Leiden Project(TULP) (External Link

) Journal of American Studies of Turkey (External Link

) Turkologischer Anzeiger/Turkology Annual (External Link

) Indiana University Central Eurasian Studies (External Link

)

Mailing lists

TURKOLOJI - TURKOLOGY LIST turkoloji@yahoogroups.com
CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES DISCUSSION LIST (External Link

) CENTRAL-EURASIA-L (External Link

)

History

This is a stub. You can help writing it Important information about Türkic languages for the first time was systemized by the 11th century Türkic Philologist M.Kashgari in the "Divân-ı Lügati't-Türk" (Dictionary of Türkic languages). In the practical plane, multi-lingual dictionaries were compiled for the main participants in the international trade and political life: late 13th century Kipchak (Cuman)-Persian-Latin-German Codex Cumanicus, Armenian-Kipchak, and Russian-Kipchak dictionaries. In the Middle Ages the Turkological information came from the Byzantian and Greek historians, ambassadors and travelers, and geographers. In the 15-17th centuries the main subject of Turkology was a study of the Ottoman empire and Turkish language, and the Türkic languages of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. In 1533 appeared a first hand-written primer, in 1612 was published a printed grammar of Jerome Megizer, and in 1680 was published a 4-volume "Lexicon Turcico-Arabico-Persicum" of F.Mesgnin-Meninski.
Formation of scientific Turkology can be credited to the P.S.Pallas' work of "Comparative dictionaries of all languages and dialects" (1787) with lexical materials from Tatar, Mishar, Nogai, Bashkir, and other Türkic languages. In the 19 century, Turkology was developed by studies of M.A.Kazembek "Grammar of the Turkish-Tatar language" (1839), O.N.Betlingk "Grammar of the Yakut language" (1851). A major achievement was the deciphering at the end of the 19th century of the Early Middle Age Orkhon inscriptions by V.Thomsen and W.W.Radloff (1895). By the end of the 19th century, Turkology developed into a complex discipline that included linguistics, history, ethnology, archeology, arts and literature. In the 20th century the Turkology complex included physical anthropology, numismatics, genetics, ancient Turkic alphabetic scripts, typology, genesis, and etymology, onomastics and toponymy. Appeared and blossomed specialized periodical publications, starting with "Türkische Bibliothek" (1905-27) and "Mitteilungen zur Osmanischen Geschichte" (1921-26). Developments in exact sciences allowed instrumented dating, dendrochronology, metallurgy, chemistry, textile, and other specialized disciplines to contribute to the development of the Turkological studies. Deeper study of the ancient sources allowed better understanding of economical, social, mythological and cultural forces of the sedentary and nomadic societies. Linguistic studies uncovered pre-literate symbioses and mutual influences between different peoples.

9 August 1944

A unique event in the history of the world science happened on 9 August 1944 in the USSR, when the Central Committee VKP(b), the ruling party of the former USSR, published an edict prohibiting "ancientization" of the Turkic history. The edict was followed by a consecutive wave of mass arrests, imprisoning and killing of the erudite layer of society, massive creation of replacement "scientists", and the re-writing of history pages on an industrial scale. Combined with the concurrent wholesale deportation of indigenous populations to remote areas in Middle Asia and Siberia, the wipe-out of the science was nearly complete, and the impact of the action subsided only partially in the newly freed countries after the dismemberment of the USSR. In the course of 2 decades after assuming power, the 3-century tradition of Turkological studies in Russia and dependent countries was nearly eradicated.
On the other hand, this edict brought unintended benefits to Turkology. One was the nearly immediate linguistic development of an alternate lexicon which replaced the nouns and adjectives containing the word "Türk" by a wealth of euphemisms: "nomads, Siberians, Paleosiberians, Middle Asians, Scythians, Altaians, Tuvians", etc. that filled scientific publications. The other was "writing into a drawer", when results of the years of fruitful work were written down for future publication. When the bonds relaxed, the publications exploded. Another was a flight of scientists from Russia into remote areas, which brought first class scientists into many intellectually starved outlying areas of Middle Asia. And another one was connected with the state-wide efforts to re-invent the history, when most of the Turkological facts were found in the process of search for "correct" history. And another one was a built-up of the public interest for the forbidden subjects, that resulted that no print size could satisfy the demand. L.N.Gumilev and O.Suleimenov inflamed a surge in the new generation of Turkology scholars.

List of Turkologists

Abramzon S.M (1905-1977) (ethnographer) ((External Link) in Russian)
Altheim F. (1898-1976) (historian)
Amanjolov A.S. (philologist)
Anokhin A.V. (1867-1931) (Turkologist, ethnographer, ancient musical arts)
Aristov N.A. (1847-1903) (Orientalist)
Ayda Adile (1912-1992) (Etruscologist, Turkologist)
Bacot J. (1877 - 1965) (Orientalist)
Baichorov S.Ya
Bailey H.W. (1899-1996) (Orientalist)
Bang W.
Barfield T.J. (history, anthropology, and social theory (External Link))
Bartold W.W. (1869-1930)
Baskakov N.A. (1905-1995) (linguist)
Bazin Louis (Sinologist, orientalist)
Beckwith C. (Uralic and Altaic Studies)
Bernshtam A.L. (1910—1956) (archeologist)
Biletsky A.O. (1911-1995)
Bretschneider, E. (1833-1901) (Sinologist)
Budberg P.A. (Boodberg) (1903-1972) (Sinologist, orientalist)
Castrén M.A. (1813–1852)
Chavannes E. (1865 - 1918) (Sinologist)
Chia-sheng, Feng (Jiasheng, Fen Tszia-shen, C. S. Feng)
Deguignes H.(Joseph) (1721-1800) (Orientalist)
Dilaçar Agop (1895–1979)
Doblhofer E. (Historical philology, Turkologist)
Donner O. (1835–1909)
Drompp M.R. (Orientalist, Turkologist (External Link))
Eberhard Wolfram (1909 -1988) (Sinologist, Philologist, Turkologist (External Link))
Ecsedy Ildikó (1938-2004)
Egorov N.I.
Emre A.J.
Enoki Kazuo
Fedorov-Davydov G.A. (1931–2000) (archeologist (External Link) in Russian)
Frye R.N.
Gabain, von, A. (1901-1993) (External Link)
Gibbon E. (1737 – 1794) (historian)
Gökalp Z. (1886-1924) (Sociologist)
Golden P.
Grousset R. (1885-1952)
Gumilev L. (Arslan) (1912–1992)
Habichev M.A. (1910-1993)
Halasi-Kun Tibor (1914-1991) (Turkologist (External Link))
Haloun (1898-1951)
Hamilton J.R.
Harmatta J.
Haussig, von, H.W.
Henning W.B. (1908—1967)
Hirth F. (1845-1927) (Sinologist)
Ishjamts N.
Ismagulov Orazak (anthropologist)
Jdanko T. (Zhdanko) (ethnographer)
Kantemir D. (Cantemir) ((1673-1723) (historian, linguist, ethnographer)
Khazanov A. (social anthropologist and ethnologist)
Kitsikis Dimitri (political science)
Kononov A.N.
Konow S.
Köprülü M.F.(Koprulu) (1890-1966)
Kotwicz W. (1872-1944) (Orientalist (External Link))
Kradin N.N.
Kvaerne P. (Tibetology, Religions (External Link))
Kyzlasov I.L.
Kyzlasov L.R.
Liu Mau-tsai (Sinologist, Turkologist)
Lyzlov A. (ca. 1655-ca. 1696)
Maenchen-Helfen O.
Malov S.E. (1880-1957) (Orientalist)
Marquart J. (Markwart) (1864-1930)
Martinez A.P.
Matsuda Hisao
McGovern W.M. (1897-1964) (Orientalist) (External Link)
Minorsky V.F. (1877-1966) (Orientalist (External Link))
Moravcsik G. (1892-1972) (Byzantinology (External Link))
Mori Masao
Mukhamadiev A. (Numismatist, orientalist, philologist)
Müller G.F. (Miller) (1705–83) (father of ethnography)
Nemeth J.
Ogel B. (Philology)
Orkun H.N.
Pallas P.S. (1741—1811) (naturalist, ethnographer)
Pelliot P. (1878–1945) (Sinologist)
Petrov V.P.
Pletneva S.A. (archeologist)
Potanin G.N. (1835 - 1920) (Explorer, historian)
Potapov L.P. (1905-2000) (Turkologist, ethnographer, ethnologist)
Poucha P. (Central Asian philology)
Pulleyblank E.G.
Ramstedt G.H. (1873-1950) (Altaic languages)
Rasonyi L (1899-1984) (Turkologist (External Link) In Hungarian)
Rémi-Giraud S. (linguist)
Robruk, of, William (Guglielmo di, Gil'om de, Rubruquis) (travel ca 1248-1252)
Radloff W. (1837–1918)
Rona-Tash А.
Räsänen Martti (Ryasyanen M.) (External Link)
Samoilovich A.N. (1880-1938, killed in Stalinist repressions) (Orientalist, Turkologist)
Samolin W. (1911-1972?) (Orientalist)
Senigova T. N. (Fine Arts, Turkologist)
Sevortian E.V.
Shcherbak A.M.
Shiratori Kurakichi (1865-1942)
Sinor D.
Starostin S.
Strahlenberg, von, P.J. (Philip Johan Tabbert) (1676 — 1747)
Tenishev E. R. (1921-2004) (linguist, Central Asian philology (External Link) in Russian)
Tiesenhausen, von, W. (In Russian Tizengauzen V.G.) (1825-1902) (Orientalist, numismatist, archeologist, (External Link) in Rissian)
Thomsen V. (1842–1927)
Togan, Zeki Velidi
Tolstov S.P. (1907-1976) (archeologist)
Tremblay X. (philology)
Vainberg B.I. (archeologist, numismatist)
Vambery A. (1832–1913)
Van Govej (1877-1927) (Sinologist, historian, and philologist)
Velikhanly N.M (Velikhanova) (Orientalist)
Valihanov Chokan (Shokan, Chokan Chingisovich) (1835-1865) (Turkologist, ethnographer, historian)
Winter W.
Wittfogel K.A. (1896–1988) (Sinologist, historian)
Yadrintsev N.V. (1842-1894)(archeologist, Turkologist, explorer)
Yudin V.P. (1928—1983) (Orientalist, historian, and philologist (External Link) In Rissian)
Zajączkowski Ananiasz (1903-1970) (Turkologist (External Link) In Polish)
Zakiev M. (Philologist)
Zuev Yu. (1932-2006) (Sinologist)

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